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What Is a Hold Harmless Agreement?

Written by Sean Heck | 04/17/25

Understanding liability and risk transfer is paramount for any organization managing contracts. A critical instrument that facilitates this mutual understanding is the hold harmless agreement. Encountering a hold harmless clause or document is incredibly common in both the public and private sectors. As such, this blog post aims to demystify the concept of held harmless agreements.

 

 

What Is a Hold Harmless Agreement?

A hold harmless agreement—also known as an indemnity agreement—is a contract in which one party (the indemnitor) agrees to protect the other (the indemnitee) from certain damages or liabilities. Organizations can use these agreements to manage risks associated with various contract obligations and deliverables. Hold harmless agreements can be unilateral contracts (one party is protected) or bilateral contracts (both parties are protected).

 

Examples of Hold Harmless Agreements

Here's a detailed look at some examples where hold harmless agreements would apply.

  1. Construction Projects: One party (typically a subcontractor) agrees not to hold another party (such as a general contractor or owner) responsible for the project's losses, negligence, or accidents.
  2. Real Estate: Commonly used in leases, home construction, and other real estate transactions, it releases a party from responsibility or damages associated with building or maintaining property. Events (such as injuries) that occur during leases see the landlord held harmless from liability.
  3. High-Risk Activities: These protect the company that's facilitating the high-risk activity from liability for damages or injuries resulting from that risky activity. Examples would be skydiving, rock climbing, etc.

 

Essential Elements of a Hold Harmless Agreement

A hold harmless agreement must begin by clearly identifying all parties involved in the agreement, including the aforementioned indemnitor and indemnitee. Next, parties should unambiguously clarify the specific events, activities, and situations covered by the contract. Taking this further, parties should specify the extent of liabilities or damages from which the indemnitor will protect the indemnitee.

IMPORTANT: It is necessary to clearly define "hold harmless" or "indemnity" in the context of the specific contract. This should include specifics about covering expenses such as settlements, damages, or legal fees. To that end, parties should outline insurance or coverage policies required by the agreement (if applicable).

Parties should also include terms and conditions regarding contract termination, obligations, renewal, and more. Additionally, they should specify which jurisdiction's laws will govern the hold harmless agreement and how disputes will be resolved. Finally, all parties must approve and sign the agreement, including the date of contract execution.

 

 

Practical Advice & Considerations for Hold Harmless Agreements

Below are some practical considerations and advice for organizations managing hold harmless agreements.

 

Clarity & Scope

Hold harmless agreements should use unambiguous and concise language to help avoid potential disputes and misinterpretations. To that end, contract management software can be used to standardize clause language, analyze positive, negative, or neutral sentiment on both sides of a contract, and auto-redline for optimal language. Organizations should consider all potential risks, including those that may not be immediately apparent.

 

Legal & Insurance Review

Organizations should leverage in-house or outside counsel to ensure the hold harmless agreement is legally enforceable. Furthermore, insurance policies should be reviewed to determine applicable coverage or associated limitations. If necessary, organizations should purchase additional coverage to protect against harmful contract risks.

 

 

Negotiation & Drafting

Organizations should consider including bilateral, mutual indemnification clauses to protect both parties from liabilities. Sufficient financial capabilities or insurance specifications should back promises of indemnity.

We recommend contract management software's centralized contract data for terms, insurance specifications, clauses, key dates, financial information, budgets, and more. Additionally, organizations should consider a central negotiation portal in CLM (contract lifecycle management) software to quickly iron out these specifics via in-system chats, email alerts, full audit trails, and version tracking.

 

Limitations & Potential Drawbacks

Parties should be aware that some US states may not fully enforce insufficiently clear hold harmless agreements. Additionally, hold harmless agreements may be voided if they are found to be the result of fraudulent or coercive behavior on the part of either party. Furthermore, some insurance policies may exclude coverage for damages associated with business contract obligations.

 

The Best Way to Manage Hold Harmless Agreements

The best way to manage hold harmless agreements, by far, is with contract management software. Organizations can streamline handling hold harmless agreements by automating tasks, facilitating better collaboration, and decreasing risks. Here's how contract management software helps with hold harmless agreements.

  1. Pre-Approved Templates & Clauses: CLM software allows for the easy creation and management of pre-approved indemnity agreement templates and hold harmless clauses for consistency, clarity, and compliance.
  2. Negotiation Features: Automated version control, full audit trails, clear communication channels, and auto-redlining can make the hold harmless agreement negotiation process easier and more seamless.
  3. Intelligent Workflow Automation: Workflow tasks and steps associated with indemnities can be configured to route agreements from creation to approval and renewal.
  4. Secure Contract Repository: Organizations can leverage saved searches, search history, "Did you mean...?" functionality, and advanced filters in a central repository for all contracts, including hold harmless agreements.
  5. Generative AI: Advanced generative AI can create hold harmless and other clauses, proactively map risk, and showcase contract sentiment for both the indemnitor and the indemnitee.

To see how you can better manage hold harmless agreements and countless others, book a free demo of CobbleStone Contract Insight® today!

*Legal Disclaimer: This article is not legal advice.  The content of this article is for general informational and educational purposes only.  The information on this website may not present the most up-to-date legal information. Readers should contact their attorneys for legal advice regarding any particular legal matter.